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Social Exclusion as a Determinant of Health in Pervitin Users
BRANDOVÁ, Nikola
The subject of my dissertation thesis is social exclusion of Pervitin users within the territory of České Budějovice and the therewith associated quality of their lives, which currently make a topical item. Though social exclusion can be seen as a frequent academical, political as well as public subject of discussion and the poor living conditions of those concerned are an issue brought to attention, no qualitative research into the social exclusion of this target group in our conditions has been made as yet. The theoretical section of my thesis describes current state of knowledge concerning the topics of social determinants of health, social exclusion, Pervitin (Methamphetamine), illegal use of drugs and therewith associated care for persons who abuse drugs and the quality of their lives, as well as the research on these topics. The following objectives were set for the research part of my dissertation thesis: 1) Identification of the effects of social exclusion on the health of Pervitin users in České Budějovice. 2) Description of the quality of life of Pervitin users in České Budějovice. For the purposes of my study, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research strategies was selected. Three research questions were set. These questions in the qualitative section deal with how social exclusion affects the health status of Pervitin users living in České Budějovice and how the users themselves reflect on the actual determinant of health. The quantitative section of my thesis poses a question how selected sociodemographic characteristics by WHOQOL-BREF relate to the domains of qualities of life. The research group for the qualitative research section consisted of users of Pervitin living in České Budějovice. There were 15 informants in total. The contingent valuation method was used to collect attributes data and the technique used was a combination of biographic-narrative and semi-structured interviews. Data acquired was analyzed using the grounded theory method with the Atlas.ti. software used to analyze the attributes data Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire survey performed by distributing a standardized WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to a representative sample consisting of 437 respondents, all users of Pervitin in the South-Bohemian Region. Data of quantitative nature were transposed from completed questionnaires to a data matrix and subsequently processed statistically. Descriptive statistics were performed in MS Excel and hypotheses were tested using the IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 24.0. Informants' responses were encoded and categorized, resulting in two models describing the process how Pervitin users access health care and the phenomena of the actual use within the context of the society. As a result of the WHOQL-BREF questionnaire, in the physical and mental health and social relations domain, relationship with the other sex appeared to be statistically relevant, where women showed significantly worse scores than men. Another statistically relevant relationship was confirmed between how long the drug abuse has been lasting and the physical and mental health of the user. The quality of life in these domains becomes lower proportionately with the length of Pervitin use. The dissertation thesis provides an insight into the issue of social exclusion of Pervitin users. Considering the size of the research group, the results cannot be generalized but can serve as a base for social workers aiming at Pervitin users at all levels, ranging from contact centres and field programs and addiction clinics to therapy communities and convalescent centres.
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Education of school-aged children to a healthy lifestyle
DROBERJAROVÁ, Pavla
Current situation: A healthy lifestyle at children and education about it are currently very important. Failure to do so often leads to various health problems. In the theoretical part, we focus on the division of school age, the concept of health literacy and health determinants. We also deal with the role of a nurse at a general practitioner for children and adolescents and education in the field of a HL. Objectives: 1. To find out the knowledge of school children about a HL. 2. To map the active participation of school-age children in a HL. 3. To map the share of nurses in GPChA in the education of a HL in school-age children. Methodology: Within the research part, a quantitative research survey was performed using non-standardized questionnaires and a qualitative research method was used semi-structured in-depth interviews. The questionnaires were designed for 2 groups of school-age children (younger and older), where 23 research questions were used. Interviews were conducted with nurses at the GPChA, who answered 21 questions. The research was done with children aged from 8 to 15 and nurses at GPChA in the Vysočina region. Research group: It consisted of 120 children (from 8 to 15 years) and 8 nurses in GPChA offices. Results: Research has shown that children's knowledge of a HL does not differ with age. The active participation of children in a HL differs between girls and boys. It showed that nurses at the GPChA participate very in children's raising to the HL. Thanks to frequent interviews of nurses with children and their parents, this situation can improve. Recommendations for practice: The results of the survey can be used for nurses working in the paediatrics ward, in GPChA offices, for children and their parents or pedagogical staff.
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Health literacy in the Czech population - factors related to phases of health information processing
Polcrová, Anna ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Žejglicová, Kristýna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of health literacy level in the Czech population and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The aim was to describe this association in the stages of health information processing, which are the stages of finding, understanding, judging and application of health information. The data from the Czech modification of the HLS-EU survey from 2014 was used. Lower level of health literacy was associated with older age, lower level of education, as well as lower self-assessed social status at all stages of health information processing. Lower self- assessed health condition was also associated with lower level of health literacy, especially in the phases of understanding and application of health information. Regarding the lifestyle factors, the association was determined in case of physical activity, most notably in the phases of understanding and application of health information. The association was also determined in the case of body mass index, but only in phases understanding and judging. Differences in health literacy levels between smoking categories as well as between gender were not been determined. Regarding the difference between phases of health information processing, the judging of health information seems to be the most risk.
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Approach of the Czech Health Politics to Strategy Health 2020
Machová, Kamila ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Tušková, Eva (referee)
The aim of the thesis is the assessment of developments in the approach towards the "European" strategy Health 2020 by Czech political players while using methods of critical discourse analysis and the assessment of the development of the Health 2020 agenda during the period 2010-2012 in the context of previous activities of the World Health Organization. The approach of the Czech health care political players to the strategy had been assessed on the basis of governmental programmatic statements since 1998, the National Reform Program of Czech Republic 2011 and interviews with participants in the Czech health policy and Czech health care. The approach of Czech health policy towards the Health 2020 strategy had been evaluated as extremely problematic. The course of creation and discussion of Health 2020 in 2012 had become a critical barrier for the Czech Ministry of Health. As a result, no wider awareness of this strategy exists in Czech health policy, neither does exist a Czech translation of this strategy. Lastly, the goals of Czech health policy do not reflect in a single point of the goals of the Health 2020 strategy.
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Perception of own health by un-professional public
Sáčková, Zuzana ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Podaná, Jana (referee)
The thesis deals with the problem of general public's attitude to own health. Its aim consists in mapping the motivation towards one's own health, finding out the factors influencing human health and revealing the causes of passive attitude in relation to gender in smaller as well as larger groups of population. The theoretical part deals with the definition of health and introduces the basic overviews of theories related to health. Furthermore it provides the determinants with a significant impact on health - prevention and support of health. Special attention is paid to the quality of life and motivation, which are closely related to care for health.To examine the research issue quantitative method was selected. Necessary data was collected by a questionnaire enquiry. After the analysis of individual questions and complex evaluation, it could be concluded that although it is health problems which constitute the main incentive for a change of the life style of respondents, the main factors refraining people from care of their own health still consist in lack of motivation and willpower. The importance of the thesis consists in the awareness of the responsibility for our own health as well as the consequences of negligence towards the care for own health. Prevention is the prerequisite of maintaining...
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VIEWS OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC ON THE ISSUE OF TAKING CARE OF THEIR HEALTH
Rákosová, Andrea ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
Subject of my thesis titled : ,,Views of the general public on the issue of taking care of their health" is assessment of opinions, attitudes, and value preferences of the general public for their own health. It is mainly focused on their relation to healthy lifestyle and access to preventive care, which is an integral part of health care. The theoretical part of presented work is oriented towards basic terms related to health as a central topic. After the initial definition of the basic concept of work and its brief historical development, the work focuses on the fundamental determinants of health. Furthermore, this part of the work deals with health care system in Czech Republic, and it focuses on public health insurance system as well. The final chapter describes the importance of preventive care, it acquaints readers with the schedule of preventive check-ups and both preventive and screening programs in health promotion. The empirical part of the presented work evaluates the level of care of general public for their health. It monitors the opinions of the general public on health issues through my own research that was conducted through a questionnaire survey and it evaluates whether the general public accepted responsibility for their health. This research brings out attitude of general public...
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Selected determinants of population health and their impact on mortality in European countries
Straka, Jakub ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
Selected determinants of population health and their impact on mortality in European countries Abstract The thesis focuses on the relationship of lifestyle determinants of men and women in selected European countries in 2014 with their subjective (healthy life years) and objective level of mortality (life expectancy) and their mortality rates to the most common causes. These are ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasm of the trachea, bronchus and lung. Selected determinants of health were physical activity, BMI, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking and alcohol consumption. The indicator life expectancy in health is most often related to the exact age of 65 years, and therefore this work also focuses on the elderly population. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the effect of selected health determinants on mortality levels. In addition, the thesis explores the development and intensity of life expectancy in the health of men and women in the period 2004-2014. Finally, it addresses whether the European population between the first decade of the 21st century and 2014 saw an increase in healthy life years. The initial source of data is the EHIS and EU-SILC. Due to the chosen methods, it was found that the length of life in health rather stagnated, which is...
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Suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its impact on health
Majerová, Vendula ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
The main objective of diploma thesis "Suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its impact on health" is research of non-coordinated suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its relation to health of inhabitants. There is used an appropriate combination of research methods according to the research objectives and questions (mental maps, actor analysis, public policy analysis, comparation, interviews). It enables understanding of all aspects of thesuburbanization process. Many theoretical concepts are used, eg. determinants of health, urbanism, sustainable development, quality of life or social transformation. The first part of diploma thesis presents health problems caused by urban sprawl. These problems are related to air quality, physical activity, traffic, water quantity and quality, mental health, social capital and health of special populations. Inguiry identifies roles, interests and behaviour of relevant actors. It proves that current suburbanization of Central Bohemia Region, similar to urban sprawl, may influence health and quality of life of its inhabitants, and brings many negative externalities. Incrementakl knowledge development and pressure of the European Union leads to changes in public policy and legislation, which was influenced with social transformation and impact on...
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School and community health promotion projects
Myšíková, Lucie ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (advisor) ; Kočí, Jana (referee)
The Diploma thesis focusing on the topic "School and community health promotion projects" with a focused on primary schools on the Pilsen region. The main aim of the study is to get a grasp of the offer of health promotion projects on primary schools. Furthermore, to find out the attitude of principals to these projects, what motivates them to participate in and how primary schools are supported in this area. A partial goal of this thesis is to create an overview of the offered projects which should help the principals of primary schools with the selection of the convenient one. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on the specialized literature, the information available on the official websites of each project, legislation and strategic documents related to primary schools which were valid at the time of creating this Diploma thesis. It deals with the definition of basic concepts related to the issue of health and health promotion and also presents individual projects promoting health. The practical part is drawn up on the basis of interviews with the principals of the selected primary schools. These interviews are the analyzed using open coding and thereafter interpreted. KEY WORDS health promotion, health, prevention, health education, projects, primary schools, Pilsen region
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